Let’s finish by writing a tentative claim about “In Defense of Domination.” Here’s a writing prompt to help you:

What is the purpose of Stein’s challenging essay?

The purpose of Stein’s essay is to get his point a crossed on what type of writer he is. He is a very sarcastic writer. He wants people to get on board with how he feels but overall he just wants people to give him that attention. He doesn’t care if he is disliked but the wording choices he uses. Some might agree with him but most might not and maybe eventually come around. Not a lot of people tend to understand this type of writing. If people don’t know what type of writer he is they might not have a good reaction to his work. I feel he wants people to get on his side about it all but he isn’t hurt by it if they aren’t.

“The Concept of Discourse Community.”:

• How does Swales explain what he means when he writes that speech communities are centripetal while discourse communities are centrifugal?

Swales explain how speech communities are centripetal, whereas discourse communities are centrifugal. “They tend to separate people into occupational or speciality-interest groups. A speech community typically inherits it’s membership by birth, accident or adoption; a discourse community recruits it’s members by persuasion, training or relevant qualification” (pg. 471). This all shows that these separate people into groups.

• According to Swales, what are the six defining characteristics of a discourse community?

A discourse community has a broadly agreed set of common public goals, has mechanisms of intercommunication among it’s members, uses it’s participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback, utilizes and hence possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of it’s aims, has acquired some specific lexis and has a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise.

• In your own words, what does Swales point out as the problems of the concept of discourse community?

Swales wanted discourse community to be known as a group of people that come together to communicate about a certain topic or issue. He feels it is defined between six characteristics He imagined confident readers as his perfect audience. People that can think about goals they have for themselves or talk about things and share their feelings. I think his readers will people that are successful or that strive to be successful.

Answered questions of “The Concept of Community Discourse,”:

• Who is the writer of this article (like more than his name–what important, pertinent info can you found out about him online)?

John Swales is the writer of this article, he is 82 years old. He is a linguist best known for his work on genre analysis. In 1987 he was appointed Professor of Linguistics and Director of the English Language Institute from 1985 to 2001. He has written or co-written 20 books and about 130 research articles or book chapters.

• Who do you think he imagined as his perfect audience of readers?

I feel he imagined confident readers as his perfect audience. People that can think about goals they have for themselves or talk about things and share their feelings. I think his readers will people that are successful or that strive to be successful.

• What do you think, in your own words, is the issue this article is trying to address?

In this article, they are trying to address the issue about

• In your own words, what do you think that Swales imagined as the gap between what he had found out about discourse community versus what his readers already knew about the concept of discourse community?

Swales wanted discourse community to be known as a group of people that come together to communicate about a certain topic or issue. He feels it is defined between six characteristics. A discourse community has “a broadly agreed set of common public goals”, “mechanisms of intercommunication among their members”, “it’s participatory mechanisms primarily to provide information and feedback”, “utilized and possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims”, “acquired some specific lexis” and lastly “a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise”.

1. He gathers evidence for his arguments too. I feel that “people who share your view” can relate to him. He reinforces belief and moves people toward commitment and action. I also feel it is also “people who wish to understand multiple views”. He helps his audience understand that the subject is more complex than they had imagined. He just wants people to think in depth about his views and get them thinking.

2. Portraying yourself is when you are showing you put doing it in a appropriate way. I feel Stein is not portraying himself as an audience friendly writer. He isn’t very appropriate. He should be trying to see what other people are thinking about it. Not a lot of people listen great to someone that is joking around about everything. You don’t see writers like him a lot. He put himself out their to get the attention he was looking for. He’s going to get people agreeing and disagreeing with him, and some even becoming confused. He see’s himself as knowing it all and if no one agrees with him it doesn’t bother him. A lot of people get attention when they are out their and different.

4. I think the “Gap” in the triangle is were Stein feels his readers don’t understand what is going on in today’s world. He thinks people don’t care to understand or don’t now how to start.

5. In my opinion this piece he wrote fills this gap by him trying to grab his readers attention and have questions and come along board with what he is thinking.

6. I still feel the same way about how I answered #2, he wants people to get on board with how he feels but overall he just wants people to give him that attention. He doesn’t care if he is disliked but the wording choices he uses.

7. The danger of an essay like this is possible getting people on your bad side at first. Some might agree with you but most might not and maybe eventually come around. Not a lot of people tend to understand this type of writing. If people don’t know what type of writer he is they might not have a good reaction to his work. I feel he wants people to get on his side about it all but he isn’t hurt by it if they aren’t.

Annotations of “The Concept of Community Discourse” by John Swales

• The writer is John Swales, he has spent most of his career in linguistics working with nonnative speakers of english.
• Genres are types of texts that are recognizable to readers and writers, and that meet the needs of the rhetorical situations in which they function.
• Discourse community, the first of three terms to be examined. It is to be ‘the center of a set of ideas’.
• A speech community was seen as being composed of those who share similar linguistic rules.
• Discoursed communities are centrifugal (they tend to separate people into occupational or speciality-interest groups.
• Overall, the intent to which discourse is constitutive of world-view would seem to be a matter of investigation rather then assumption.
• The next issue to be addressed in this section is whether certain groupings, including academic classes, constitute discourse communities.
• Bizzell (1987) has claimed that discourse communities can be healthy and yet contain contradictions; and Herrington (1989) continues to describe composition researches as a ‘community’ while unveiling the tensions and divisions within a group.

Annotations of “Discourses: How Do Communities Shape Writing?”

• Discourses are group members’ shared “ways of being in the world”.
• When a group of people shares goals or purposes and uses communication to achieve them, we can call that group a discourse community.
• Communities of practice is another name for discourse communities.

• Who are the intended readers, and how does the writer address them?

The intended readers would be people who want something new out of reading a story. Someone who is ok with sarcasm. Also, this is meant for people that go to this stuff a lot and read the news. Some of them are looking for trouble and something to argue about. Stein as a writer addresses them by trying to grab there attention and get people talking.

• What values do the readers and writer seem to have in common? How does the writer appeal to them?

There values are to get a point out of the story at the end of it. They are showing their shared values. To get his point across he has to make an argument and show his thoughts and preaching to everyone about his creation of story.

Numbers 1 and 3:

Yes, Stein uses much from the reading. From “The Brief – Thompson” they say “writing arguments is when you create expectations among readers that an argument – whether a report of research findings will proceed in a certain way” (72-87). This one makes me think of him a lot because I feel he try’s to start these arguments to get people talking about his work. I feel Stein developed an argument that he takes his subject matter into account in great detail. He makes sure his readers are knowing about the difference between fact and opinion. He gathers evidence for his arguments too. I feel that “people who share your view” can relate to him. He reinforces belief and moves people toward commitment and action!

Annotations of “The Brief Thompson (72-87)”

• Writing arguments is when you create expectations among readers that an argument – whether a report of research findings will proceed in a certain way.
• To persuade your readers, you look for common ground, points on which you agree or are likely to agree.
• Most issues that are considered worth writing arguments about are disputed; reasonable people disagree about them.
• When choosing a topic these three attributes apply. It is a contested issue. it is an issue you care about, and it is limited enough in terms of the amount of research you’ll need to do.
• The thesis statement in an argument is composed of the topic and your claim about the topic. This will help you learn more about your rhetorical situation and your topic.
• Keep a project checklist making sure you have a effective working thesis statement.
• To write a effective argument designed to persuade, you need to develop a keen understanding of the beliefs of the people opposed to your position. Your best writing may emerge from using the evidence that others would use against you.
• When you develop a argument you take your subject matter into account in great detail through a process of invention and inquiry.
• Arguing to persuade – First something needs to capture our attention. Then we need to learn more about it, and interpret it.
• It is important to research and define terms to establish common ground.
• When you gather evidence for your argument, it is helpful to distinguish between fact and opinion.
• Writers can use the toulmin method of “progression” to analyze their own arguments or those of others.
• When you “concede”, you give credence to an opposing or alternative perspective.
• Proofreading your work is important reread what you wrote, make little changes if needed, correct grammer, spelling, and punctuation.

Notes of the video “Purdue OWL”

• “Rhetoric”: An awareness of the language choices that we make.
• The “sophists” believed they could teach anyone to use rhetoric it to be an effective speaker.
• Pathos, logos, ethos, audience and more are all tools we use to make arguments more effective.

What makes me feel comfortable in the classroom:

• Having my own space
• Knowing my Professor, him or her being approachable
• Having a water bottle with me
• Knowing what is going on (What my HW is)

What makes me uncomfortable in the classroom:

• Talking out loud to the other classmates (presenting)
• If it is to hot in the class
• Not getting told a clear understanding of what is going on

Answered Questions:

• Who is the author and what are his intentions?

The author is Joel Stein. His intention of this is to get his point a crossed and be dominate with his writing. Also, I think he is into humor writing so he was trying to use that in this writing. He tends to offend readers, even if that’s not his intention.

• Does he treat the opposing perspectives fairly? Why do you two think he does this?

Stein treats the opposing perspective unfairly. He might think he is treating them fairly. He is very straight forward about what he thinks about and I don’t think he takes what he is saying and thinking about what others might think. He tends to mock people, mostly powerful people. Basically if you don’t think like him he makes you feel like you are wrong.

• What is the rhetorical context, that is, what personal, historical, or social events might the writer be responding to?

The rhetorical context is

Annotations of “The Brief-Thompson” (49-57)

• An active reader asks questions, reads the text carefully, reads the text several times, writes down notes and connects as they read through.

• Before you start to read you need to “prepare” to read by looking over key elements in order to make some good predictions about what is coming.

• Try reading about the author before reading their books to get to know them.

• Make a checklist to help you get to know the book and what your’e getting into before actually reading the book. Make some good productions of what you think might happen.

• Reading through twice will help. First, read the text straight through to get the central idea of the text. Second time reading through really think in depth and read carefully. Pause and think about what you just read about. Ask yourself questions.

• Always “annotate” the text to help you relate. It helps you stay engaged. You can write in the book, highlight or use sticky notes to help you stay connected.

• Critical Reading is a great way to stay involved more. This is when you are thinking while reading. Analysis, Interpretation, Synthesis, Evaluation is important to use.

• Facts are true statements. Opinions are interpretations of facts. (Someones own beliefs).

• Evaluating evidence is important. You want to know if it is accurate, relevant, sufficient, or representative.

• The key question for rhetorical analysis is “what effects do the writer achieve, and how does the writer achieve them?” (pg. 55)

• Rhetorical analysis can help you appreciate the presence of influence and persuasion where it is not easy to spot.

• Word choice or “diction”, has a major influence not just on meaning but on how a text is received.

• Your judgment about a writers purposes can be formed by paying attention to his or her intentions, expectations, and rhetorical context.

Cite https://rhetcompanddiscourseprogramcode.files.wordpress.com/2020/01/brief-thompson-49_57.pdf

I decided to take a leap and go to The University of Cincinnati Blue Ash because I needed to further my education in Early Childhood Education to pursue my dream in being a teacher. I could have chosen any section of “English 2089” but I felt this one would challenge me. I chose to take the 3:30 to 4:50 time because it works great around my nannying job of a family of 4 children. I am from the Evendale/Blue Ash area. My major is Pre-Early Childhood Education and I’m in my 2nd year of college. I’ve always loved helping children learn and I have great patients to do it. It’s always been my passion to teach. During my free time I love to dance. I take Hip Hop and Contemporary classes. One thing I can do that some people wouldn’t guess I could do is dancing. I’ve been dancing for almost 15 years, and I’ve danced with Alan from “Dancing With The Stars”. A hard skill of mine would be patients, and a soft skill of mine would be communication.

My name is Gabrielle Davis. You all can call me Gabi though. I’m in my 2^nd year at the University of Cincinnati. I take one in-class at UCBA, and the rest online because I nanny for a family of 4 children. I do this on Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays from 7:00am to 3:30pm. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, I put my time toward classwork and other activities during my free time. I live in the Evendale/blue ash area, which is about 10 minutes from UCBA. I am in the Pre-Early Childhood Education program. During my free time I love to dance. On Monday and Wednesday nights I take classes at The Studio for Dance. I love Hip Hop and Contemporary. I help coach my old high school dance team. Also, I help out a lot at my church, Blue Ash Presbyterian. I am the female leader in the teen youth group there, and I’m on the Education Committee. I have been on five mission trips with my church, 4 years as a youth and once as a chaperone. In the summer time I coach a kindergarten cheer team and I also work at a camp as a camp counselor. Any chance I get to help someone, I take it!